What is testosterone?
Testosterone is a steroid hormone belonging to the androgen group. It is the primary male sex hormone, playing a key role in the development of male sex organs and maintaining secondary male characteristics such as muscle growth, bone development, and fat distribution. Testosterone is produced mainly in the testes and adrenal glands.
The effects of testosterone
Testosterone has many essential functions in the body. Among the most important are:
- Muscle growth and bone density: Testosterone increases muscle mass by promoting protein synthesis and reducing protein breakdown. It also increases bone density, helping to prevent osteoporosis.
- Effect on behaviour: The hormone has a significant influence on behaviour, including sexual behaviour. It also affects mood and can contribute to a sense of wellbeing.
- Sexual function and reproduction: It increases libido (sexual desire) and supports erectile function. It also affects sperm quality and therefore fertility.
- Metabolism: It influences metabolism, including regulation of blood glucose and lipid levels, helping to maintain a healthy weight.
- Red blood cell production: Testosterone stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells, which is important for preventing anaemia.
Testosterone levels are not constant — they change with age and lifestyle
In young, healthy men, testosterone typically peaks between the ages of 20 and 30. During this period, men are usually at the height of their sexual, reproductive, and physical fitness.
Over time — usually from the age of 30 — testosterone levels in men begin to slowly decline. This decline is natural and amounts to approximately 1% per year. However, the rate of decline varies from person to person; some men experience a more significant drop, while others see a more gradual decrease.
The decrease of testosterone with age is also known as andropause or male menopausal syndrome. It can lead to changes such as decreased libido, loss of energy, loss of muscle mass, increase in body fat mass, and it may also contribute to emotional and cognitive changes. It is important to note that healthy life style, healthy diet and regular exercise can help ease some of these negative effects of lower testosterone levels.
We understand that this is, for many men, a sensitive topic but it is crucial that men are aware of these changes and feel safe to discuss their options with a doctor who can recommend suitable steps in order to maintain health and vitality, even at an older age.
Low testosterone levels can lead to a range of health problems, such as muscle loss, increased body fat, reduced bone density, fatigue, decreased libido, and depression. On the other hand, excessively high levels can cause side effects such as increased aggression, acne, or an increased risk of heart disease. It is therefore advisable to work with specialists to optimize testosterone levels, as they can monitor all potential negative effects in relation to the client’s individual health status and tailor an appropriate treatment plan that minimizes risks for the client.